Iki Putra bin Mubarrak V Kerajaan Negeri Selangor & Anor

Kes Iki Putra bin Mubarrak V Kerajaan Negeri Selangor & Anor dan implikasi undang-undang.

Pada 25 Februari 2021 Mahkamah Persekutuan 9 Panel termasuk antaranya Ketua Hakim Negara Tengku Maimun dan Hakim Besar Malaya Azahar telah membuat keputusan sebulat suara Dewan Undangan Negeri tidak mempunyai bidang kuasa membuat undang-undang yang telah diberikan kepada Persekutuan di dalam Perlembagaan Persekutuan. Isu ini menjadi satu titik tolak kepada sejarah perkembangan undang-undang syariah di Malaysia. Di mana semua negeri mempunyai Enakmen Kesalahan Jenayah Syariah masing-masing yang mempunyai peruntukan moral, dimana Kanun Keseksaan turut mempunyai peruntukan yang sama.

                                    gambar hiasan, tidak berkaitan artikel ini

Bagi memahami kes ini dengan lebih baik, pembaca disarankan untuk mengkaji beberapa kes duluan bagi mendapat gambaran undang-undang yang lebih baik, kes yang dicadangkan adalah kes Sulaiman Takrib (Ayah Pin), Sukma Darmawan Sasmitaat Madja  

Dalam kes Sulaiman Takrib : Precepts (ajaran) of Islam ditimbulkan, apabila kesalahan membabitkan orang Islam dan ajaran Islam. Maka ia dibawah undang-undang syariah. Precepts ini bukan sahaja rukun Islam bahkan lebih besar dari itu.

Dalam kes Iki Putra: Mahkamah Persekutuan menafsirkan bidangkuasa membuat undang-undang antara Persekutuan dan Negeri adalah berdasarkan seksyen 74(1) Perlembagaan Persekutuan. 

Subject matter of federal and State laws

74. (1) Without prejudice to any power to make laws conferred on it by any other Article, Parliament may make laws with respect to any of the matters enumerated in the Federal List or the Concurrent List (that is to say, the First or Third List set out in the Ninth Schedule).

(2) Without prejudice to any power to make laws conferred on it by any other Article, the Legislature of a State may make laws with respect to any of the matters enumerated in the State List (that is to say, the Second List set out in the Ninth Schedule) or the Concurrent List.

(3) The power to make laws conferred by this Article is exercisable subject to any conditions or restrictions imposed with respect to any particular matter by this Constitution.

(4) Where general as well as specific expressions are used in describing any of the matters enumerated in the Lists set out in the Ninth Schedule the generality of the former shall not be taken to be limited by the latter.

Merujuk kepada  Bidangkuasa Negeri dalam Senarai II Jadual kesembilan:

1. Except with respect to the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur, Labuan and Putrajaya, Islamic law and personal and family law of persons professing the religion of Islam, including the Islamic law relating to succession, testate and intestate, betrothal, marriage, divorce, dower, maintenance, adoption, legitimacy, guardianship, gifts, partitions and non-charitable trusts; Wakafs and the definition and regulation of charitable and religious trusts, the appointment of trustees and the incorporation of persons in respect of Islamic religious and charitable endowments, institutions, trusts, charities and charitable institutions operating wholly within the State; Malay customs; Zakat, Fitrah and Baitulmal or similar Islamic religious revenue; mosques or any Islamic public place of worship, creation and punishment of offences by persons professing the religion of Islam against precepts of that religion, except in regard to matters included in the Federal List; the constitution, organization and procedure of Syariah courts, which shall have jurisdiction only over persons professing the religion of Islam and in respect only of any of the matters included in this paragraph, but shall not have jurisdiction in respect of offences except in so far as conferred by federal law; the control of propagating doctrines and beliefs among persons professing the religion of Islam; the determination of matters of Islamic law and doctrine and Malay custom.

Menyebut: Kecuali mengenai perkara-perkara yang termasuk dalam Senarai Persekutuan.:

Kesalahan jenayah syariah yang dipertikaikan ada pada seksyen 25 Akta Kesalahan Jenayah Syariah {Wilayah-Wilayah Persekutuan} 1997

Seksyen 25. Liwat.

Mana-mana orang lelaki yang melakukan liwat adalah melakukan suatu kesalahan dan apabila disabitkan boleh didenda tidak melebihi lima ribu ringgit atau dipenjarakan selama tempoh tidak melebihi tiga tahun atau disebat tidak melebihi enam sebatan atau dihukum dengan mana-mana kombinasi hukuman itu.

Manakala undang-undang persekutuan, Kanun Keseksaan peruntukannya dibuat oleh Parlimen berdasarkan item 3 dan 4 Senarai Persekutuan. Item 3 dan 4 dinyatakan:

3. Internal security, including—

(a) police; criminal investigation; registration of criminals; public order;

(b) prisons; reformatories; remand homes; places of detention; probation of offenders; juvenile offenders;

(c) preventive detention; restriction of residence;

(d) intelligence services; and

(e) national registration.

4. Civil and criminal law and procedure and the administration of justice, including—

(a) constitution and organization of all courts other than Syariah Courts;

(b) jurisdiction and powers of all such courts;

(c) remuneration and other privileges of the judges and officers presiding over such courts;

(d) persons entitled to practise before such courts;

(e) subject to paragraph (ii), the following:

(i) contract; partnership, agency and other special contracts; master and servant; inns and inn-keepers; actionable wrongs; property and its transfer and hypothecation, except land; bona vacantia; equity and trusts; marriage, divorce and legitimacy; married women’s property and status; interpretation of federal law; negotiable instruments; statutory declarations; arbitration; mercantile law; registration of businesses and business names; age of majority; infants and minors; adoption; succession, testate and intestate; probate and letters of administration; bankruptcy and insolvency; oaths and affirmations; limitation; reciprocal enforcement of judgments and orders; the law of evidence;

(ii) the matters mentioned in paragraph (i) do not include Islamic personal law relating to marriage, divorce, guardianship, maintenance, adoption, legitimacy, family law, gifts or succession, testate and intestate;

(f) official secrets; corrupt practices;

(g) use or exhibition of coats of arms, armorial bearings, flags, emblems, uniforms, orders and decorations other than those of a State;

(h) creation of offences in respect of any of the matters included in the Federal List or dealt with by federal law;

(i) indemnity in respect of any of the matters in the Federal List or dealt with by federal law;

(j) admiralty jurisdiction;

(k) ascertainment of Islamic law and other personal laws for purposes of federal law; and

(l) betting and lotteries.

Manakala kesalahan liwat atau seumpamanya ada dalam seksyen 377APenal Code. Act 574

Carnal intercourse against the order of nature

377a. Any person who has sexual connection with another person by the introduction of the penis into the anus or mouth of the other person is said to commit carnal intercourse against the order of nature.

Explanation—Penetration is sufficient to constitute the sexual connection necessary to the offence described in this section. Penal Code 195 Punishment for committing carnal intercourse against the order of nature

377b. Whoever voluntarily commits carnal intercourse against the order of nature shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to twenty years, and shall also be punished with whipping.

Soalan:

Adakah kes ini akan secara automatik membatalkan semua peruntukan yang berlawanan dengan perlembagaan persekutuan?

Ia tidak secara automatik, tetapi Ketua Pendakwa Syarie kena ingat, sekiranya kes yang naturenya sedemikian maka bersedia untuk di challenge sampai peringkat Mahkamah Persekutuan yang mana keputusan kes Iki Putra akan jadi precedented.

Adakah kesemua kesalahan dalam enakmen kesalahan jenayah syariah yang digubal oleh DUN terbatal?

Tidak kesemuanya, hanya yang melibatkan peruntukan yang telah ada dalam Kanun Keseksaan sahaja. Manakala yang lain: Kesalahan menyalahi akidah, kesucian agama Islam, morality seperti minum arak dan khalwat masih berada di bawah bidangkuasa mahkamah syariah.

Sampai bila?

Sehingga terdapat kes lain, yang mana Mahkamah Persekutuan membuat keputusan sebaliknya. Tetapi untuk melawan 9 panel yang membuat keputusan unilateral adalah sukar selagimana, panel ini masih wujud, dan jawatan CJ adalah sampai pencen. Kemungkinan untuk Hakim-Hakim membuat u-turn adalah tiada.

Undang-undang negeri manakah yang akan terkesan?

Undang-Undang yang ada peruntukan kesalahan sama dengan Kanun Keseksaan sama ada terdahulu, yang sedang berjalan, atau yang akan dibuat.

Bagaimanakah Pemansuhan Peruntukan Enakmen akan berlaku?

Melalui sidang DUN.

Abu Razeen
Buat setakat ini, ini pandangan saya. Sama dengan Boss.